Worldwide Country Advice G - L
[ A - F ] / G / H / I / J / K / L / [ M - R ] [ S- Z ]
This is an A - Z country by country list of vaccination and other medical requirements or recommendations. If you do not find the country you are looking for, or need further detailed information, contact our Travel Health Hotline on 0906 863 3414 and speak to a trained travel health professional who can expertly answer your questions (note that calls are charged at 60p a minute). before travelling. Nomad Travel Clinics cannot accept responsibility for any ommissions or changes.
GABON
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever –Spread via mosquito bites. Mandatory as condition of entry.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
GAMBIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
GHANA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Mandatory for entry into Ghana. Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
GERMANY
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Tick Borne Encephalitis - spread by bites of infected ticks. Vaccination advised for persons likely to be exposed to lots of tick bites e.g. if camping, walking, staying in rural forested areas for long periods. Higher risk during the warmer spring/summer/autumn months when ticks are active. Travellers should also avoid bites by covering up with long clothing treated with premethrin and wearing DEET on exposed skin. All ticks should be removed immediately with tweezers –ensuring head and body removed.
• Rabies –Very low risk. Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible in all major cities. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals. Avoid contact with all animals and seek urgent medical attention following all animal or bite bites.
Malaria
Tablets not required –no malaria
GHANA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Mandatory for entry into Ghana. Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and
GREENLAND
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
None Advised
Malaria
Tablets not required –no malaria
GRENADA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
• Tablets not required –no malaria
Ensure good bite avoidance, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
GUAM
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Yellow Fever –Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if living in poor conditions or away for a long time in affected area.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No Malaria
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
GUATEMALA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Small risk if staying in good hotels in major cities for short periods. Consider vaccination if planning to visit more remote areas or areas where sanitation may be poor, especially for long periods.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
Predominantly Falciparum Vivax. Affects all areas below 1500m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
• Chloroquine OR Proguanil
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure
GUINEA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
GUINEA BISSAU
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
GUYANA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Small risk if staying in good hotels in major cities for short periods. Consider vaccination if planning to visit more remote areas or areas where sanitation may be poor, especially for long periods.
• Yellow Fever –Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
Risk present throughout all parts of interior of the country.
Tablets advised for risk areas
• Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
RequirementsPersons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
None advised
HONDURAS
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Small risk if staying in good hotels in major cities for short periods. Consider vaccination if planning to visit more remote areas or areas where sanitation may be poor, especially for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
Risk present throughout most of the country of the country.
Tablets advised for risk areas
• Chloroquine OR Proganuil
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
HUNGARY
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Tick Borne Encephalitis - spread by bites of infected ticks. Vaccination advised for persons likely to be exposed to lots of tick bites e.g. if camping, walking, staying in rural forested areas for long periods. Higher risk during the warmer spring/summer/autumn months when ticks are active. Travellers should also avoid bites by covering up with long clothing treated with premethrin and wearing DEET on exposed skin. All ticks should be removed immediately with tweezers –ensuring head and body removed.
• Rabies –Very low risk. Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible in all major cities. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals. Avoid contact with all animals and seek urgent medical attention following all animal or bite bites.
Malaria
Tablets not required –no malaria
ICELAND
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
None Advised
Malaria
Tablets not required –no malaria
INDIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if living in poor conditions or away for a long time in affected area.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Japanese B Encephalitis - Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is most common in rural farming areas of Asia. Most infections have few symptoms and may not be recognised but severe cases can lead to meningitis, inflammation of the brain and can be fatal. Risks to travellers are generally very low but vaccination should be considered by people intending to spend a significant length of time in rural areas, particularly during and following the monsoon season.
• Meningitis - Outbreaks occur occasionally in India and Nepal but risks would generally be low for backpackers and tourists. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets and vaccination should be considered especially for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population especially through work.
Malaria
Risk in areas below 2000m. Tablets advised for Assam and some other central areas –gain advice from your local travel clinic or GP.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline for Assam
2. Chloroquine and Proguanil for other high risk areas
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
INDONESIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if living in poor conditions or away for a long time in affected area.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Japanese B Encephalitis - Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is most common in rural farming areas of Asia. Most infections have few symptoms and may not be recognised but severe cases can lead to meningitis, inflammation of the brain and can be fatal. Risks to travellers are generally very low but vaccination should be considered by people intending to spend a significant length of time in rural areas, particularly during and following the monsoon season.
Malaria
Risk in most islands throughout the year. Minimal risk in Bali and Java.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1.Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline for Lombok and Irian Jaya
3. Chloroquine and Proguanil for other islands
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
IRELAND
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
None Advised
Malaria
Tablets not required –no malaria
ITALY
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations sometimes advised
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Reports from poorer southern Italy. Recommended for long term visitors.
Malaria
Tablets not required –no malaria
IVORY COAST (Cote D'IVOIRE)
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Mandatory for entry into IVORY COAST. Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
JORDON
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if living in poor conditions or away for a long time in affected area.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No Malaria –tablets not required.
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
KENYA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever –Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2500m. Only slight risk in Nairobi and highlands.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline for all areas below 2500m
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
KIRIBATI
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No Malaria –tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
KOSRAE - MICRONESIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No Malaria –tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
KWAJALEIN – MARSHALL ISLANDS
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No Malaria –tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
KYRGYZSTAN
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Tick Borne Encephalitis - spread by bites of infected ticks. Vaccination advised for persons likely to be exposed to lots of tick bites e.g. if camping, walking, staying in rural forested areas for long periods. Higher risk during the warmer spring/summer/autumn months when ticks are active. Travellers should also avoid bites by covering up with long clothing treated with premethrin and wearing DEET on exposed skin. All ticks should be removed immediately with tweezers –ensuring head and body removed.
Malaria
Risk mainly in southern and western regions in Batken and Osh regions.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Chloroquine OR Proguanil
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
LIBERIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Mandatory for entry into Liberia. Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
LIBYA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common in areas where hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No malaria –tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.