Worldwide Country Advice M - R
[ A - F ] [ G - L ] / M / N / O / P / Q / R / [ S - Z ]
This is an A - Z country by country list of vaccination and other medical requirements or recommendations. If you do not find the country you are looking for, or need further detailed information, contact our Travel Health Hotline on 0906 863 3414 and speak to a trained travel health professional who can expertly answer your questions (note that calls are charged at 60p a minute). before travelling. Nomad Travel Clinics cannot accept responsibility for any ommissions or changes.
MADAGASCAR
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
MALAWI
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you
will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –April to November.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
MALAYSIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Very rare. Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Japanese B Encephalitis - Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is most common in rural farming areas of Asia. Most infections have few symptoms and may not be recognised but severe cases can lead to meningitis, inflammation of the brain and can be fatal. Risks to travellers are generally very low but vaccination should be considered by people intending to spend a significant length of time in rural areas, particularly during and following the monsoon season.
Malaria
Mainland - Small risk in Taman Negara National Park and some remote inland jungle areas
Borneo –Sabah and Sarawak –urban and coastal areas malaria free, inland areas high risk.
Tablets advised for risk areas1.Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
MALI
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Mandatory for entry into Mali. Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
MALDIVES
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No malaria –tablets not required
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
MARSHALL ISLANDS
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No Malaria –tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
MAURITANIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
MAURITIUS
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
Small risk in rural areas - tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
MEXICO
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Small risk if staying in good hotels in major cities for short periods. Consider vaccination if planning to visit more remote areas or areas where sanitation may be poor, especially for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
Throughout the year in western and southern parts of the country. States affected include:Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa and Tabasco. A moderate risk exists in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Nayarit, Oaxaca and Sonora. There is a small risk in Campeche, Guerrero, Michoacan and Jalisco.
Tablets advised for risk areas
• Chloroquine OR Proguanil
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
MONGOLIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the Americas and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Tick Borne Encephalitis - spread by bites of infected ticks. Vaccination advised for persons likely to be exposed to lots of tick bites e.g. if camping, walking, staying in rural forested areas for long periods. Risk areas include the borders with Russia in the north of the country (provinces of Selenga and Bulgan) and around the capital Ulan-Bataar. Higher risk during the warmer spring/summer/autumn months when ticks are active. Travellers should also avoid bites by covering up with long clothing treated with premethrin and wearing DEET on exposed skin. All ticks should be removed immediately with tweezers –ensuring head and body removed.
Malaria
No Malaria –tablets not required
MONTSERRAT
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No malaria –tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
MOROCCO
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
Small risk in May to October in eastern parts of the country in rural areas west of Atlas mountains. Tablets not advised.
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
MOZAMBIQUE
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
NAMIBIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk in northern regions.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
NEPAL
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if living in poor conditions or away for a long time in affected area.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Japanese B Encephalitis - Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is most common in rural farming areas of Asia. Most infections have few symptoms and may not be recognised but severe cases can lead to meningitis, inflammation of the brain and can be fatal. Risks to travellers are generally very low but vaccination should be considered by people intending to spend a significant length of time in rural areas, particularly during and following the monsoon season.
• Meningitis - Outbreaks occur occasionally in India and Nepal but risks would generally be low for backpackers and tourists. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets and vaccination should be considered especially for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population especially through work.
MALARIA
Risk in areas below 1200m. Tablets advised for terrai / low lying southern plains.
Tablets advised for risk areas
• Chloroquine and Proguanil
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure
NEW CALEDONIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Small risk if staying in good hotels in major cities for short periods. Consider vaccination if planning to visit more remote areas or areas where sanitation may be poor, especially for long periods.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if living in poor conditions or away for a long time in affected area.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No malaria –tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
NEW ZEALAND
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. High carriage rate in Maori population but levels similar to UK otherwise.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the pacific island of Tokelau and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No malaria –tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
NICARAGUA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Small risk if staying in good hotels in major cities for short periods. Consider vaccination if planning to visit more remote areas or areas where sanitation may be poor, especially for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
Predominantly Falciparum Vivax. Affects most areas.
Tablets advised for risk areas
• Chloroquine OR Proguanil
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure
NIGER
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Mandatory for entry and departure or Niger. Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
NIGERIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever – Spread via mosquito bites.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country in areas below 2000m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
NIUE ISLAND
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Small risk if staying in good hotels in major cities for short periods. Consider vaccination if planning to visit more remote areas or areas where sanitation may be poor.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No Malaria –tablets not required.
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure
NORWAY
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Tick Borne Encephalitis –Vaccination not recommended but avoid tick bites.
Malaria
No Malaria –tablets not required.
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure
OMAN
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Small risk if staying in good hotels in major cities for short periods. Consider vaccination if planning to visit more remote areas or areas where sanitation may be poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if living in poor conditions or away for a long time in affected area
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
Tablets advised if visiting remote areas in the north including Musandam provinces
Tablets advised for risk areas
• Chloroquine PLUS Proguanil
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure
PALAU
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if living in poor conditions or away for a long time in affected area
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Small risk if staying in good hotels in major cities for short periods. Consider vaccination if planning to visit more remote areas or areas where sanitation may be poor.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No malaria –tablets not required
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Japanese B Encephalitis - Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is most common in rural farming areas of Asia. Most infections have few symptoms and may not be recognised but severe cases can lead to meningitis, inflammation of the brain and can be fatal. Risks to travellers are generally very low but vaccination should be considered by people intending to spend a significant length of time in rural areas, particularly during and following the monsoon season.
Malaria
Risk in all areas below 1800m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1.Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
PERU
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Yellow Fever –Spread via mosquito bites, can be fatal. Recommended if planning to visit rural and jungle areas below 2,300 m to the east of the andes.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
Risk all year in all areas below 2500m.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline for Amazon basin
3. Chloroquine OR Proguanil for southern regions east of Andes only.
**If visiting both regions then stick to option 1 only. Seek advice from your GP or local travel Clinic.**
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
PHILIPPINES
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Japanese B Encephalitis - Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is most common in rural farming areas of Asia. Most infections have few symptoms and may not be recognised but severe cases can lead to meningitis, inflammation of the brain and can be fatal. Risks to travellers are generally very low but vaccination should be considered by people intending to spend a significant length of time in rural areas, particularly during and following the monsoon season.
Malaria
Risk in all areas below 600m except on islands: Aklan, Bilaran, Bohol, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cebu Guimaras, Iloilo, Leyte, Masbate, northern Samar, Sequijor and metropolitan Manila
Tablets advised for risk areas
• Chloroquine plus Proguanil
Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
PORTUGAL
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations sometimes advised
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor. Not advised for short holidays.
Malaria
No malaria
Requirements
Persons travelling from or via a country infected with Yellow Fever (present in parts of Central and South America and Africa only) will be asked on immigration to show a yellow fever certificate. Please discuss with your local travel clinic or GP if unsure.
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ROMANIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Tick Borne Encephalitis - spread by bites of infected ticks. Vaccination advised for persons likely to be exposed to lots of tick bites e.g. if camping, walking, staying in rural forested areas for long periods. Higher risk during the warmer spring/summer/autumn months when ticks are active. Travellers should also avoid bites by covering up with long clothing treated with premethrin and wearing DEET on exposed skin. All ticks should be removed immediately with tweezers –ensuring head and body removed.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No Malaria
RUSSIA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water). Common when hygiene is poor.
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Tick Borne Encephalitis - spread by bites of infected ticks. Vaccination advised for persons likely to be exposed to lots of tick bites e.g. if camping, walking, staying in rural forested areas for long periods. Higher risk during the warmer spring/summer/autumn months when ticks are active. Travellers should also avoid bites by covering up with long clothing treated with premethrin and wearing DEET on exposed skin. All ticks should be removed immediately with tweezers –ensuring head and body removed.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis - and through inhaling infected droplets and vaccination should be considered especially for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population especially through work in Moscow only.
• Japanese B Encephalitis - Spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is most common in rural farming areas of Asia. Most infections have few symptoms and may not be recognised but severe cases can lead to meningitis, inflammation of the brain and can be fatal. Risks to travellers are generally very low but vaccination should be considered by people intending to spend a significant length of time in rural areas, particularly during and following the monsoon season. Only a risk in very far east of Siberia.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
Malaria
No Malaria
RWANDA
Below is a list of vaccinations and malaria tablet recommendations for the country you will be visiting. Always discuss with your local travel clinic or GP prior to your trip as recommendations may change according to your type of trip and length of stay.
Vaccinations advised (even if visiting for short period)
• Hepatitis A –spread via faecal oral route (food and water).
• Tetanus –spread through soil contaminated wounds. Vaccine required every 10 years if travelling as treatment post injury may not be available.
• Typhoid –spread via faecal/oral route. Risk is greater if access to safe food and water is limited and hygiene is poor.
• Polio - Spread through faecally contaminated food and water. Boosters are recommended at 10 yearly intervals if travelling to an endemic country.
• Diphtheria - disease spread mainly by exhaled water droplets and occasionally through infected skin lesions. It can be fatal if left untreated. Travellers are at risk when mixing closely with the local population. Higher risk for persons visiting family or working in healthcare or with children or if planning to travel for long periods.
• Yellow Fever –Spread via mosquito bites. Vaccination mandatory.
Vaccinations sometimes advised (dependant on type of trip)
• Hepatitis B –spread through blood and body fluids. 100 times more infectious than HIV. Increased risk for persons planning to work in healthcare or with children (prone to cuts / scratches. Also increased risk for those undertaking sports, high risk activities or planning to travel for long periods in affected areas. Medical facilities may pose risk if treatment required.
• Rabies –Spread through the saliva of infected mammals (which may appear normal) via a bite, scratch or lick on open wound. Treatment is possible and involves a blood product (often in short supply) and 5 injections and must be commenced within 24 hours of exposure if you have not received the vaccine prior to travel. If you are vaccinated prior to travel then just 2 vaccines are required post exposure as soon as you are able. Recommended for persons planning to work with animals and travellers planning to visit remote areas especially for long periods. Avoid contact with all animals.
• Tuberculosis –TB is mainly spread through respiratory droplet infection but also through unpasteurised milk. Travellers spending long periods in the country and who are mixing closely with the local population should consider vaccination prior to travel if not already covered.
• Cholera –Spread via contaminated food and water in areas where there are lots of people with very poor hygiene facilities (particularly slums and refugee camps), and areas affected by floods, rainy seasons and natural disasters. Most travellers should experience minimal risk of exposure to cholera but the risk is far greater for emergency relief and health workers in refugee camps.
• Meningitis ACWY - Sub-Saharan Africa has frequent epidemics of meningitis particularly in the zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia during the dry season. Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain. Transmission occurs from direct person to person contact and through inhaling infected droplets. Recommended for extended trips or if mixing very closely with the local population during risk season –May to October.
Malaria
High risk throughout the whole country.
Tablets advised for risk areas
1. Malarone OR Mefloquine OR Doxycycline Ensure good bite avoidance especially between sunset and sunrise, including covering up with long sleeves/trousers applying DEET to all exposed skin, premethrin to clothing and sleeping under a mosquito net or staying in an air conditioned room.
Requirements
Yellow Fever vaccination certificate